What is an acceptable temperature and time for the pasteurization of milk?

The acceptable temperature and time for pasteurization of milk is based on established standards designed to ensure that potentially harmful bacteria are effectively killed while maintaining the quality of the milk. The correct answer of 191 degrees F for 1 second adheres to the high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization method, which is widely recognized in the dairy industry.

This method is effective because it rapidly heats the milk to a temperature that is high enough to destroy pathogens without significantly affecting the flavor or nutritional value of the product. Rapid pasteurization ensures that the milk retains its quality and taste while ensuring safety for consumption.

In contrast, lower temperatures and longer times tend to be less effective in quickly eliminating harmful pathogens, and some options could compromise the quality or safety of the milk. For instance, while 145 degrees F for 15 seconds may also be acceptable, it does not provide the same level of assurance in eliminating all pathogens compared to the higher temperature of 191 degrees F for a brief exposure.