What risk management tool for U.S. dairy producers recognizes fluctuations in feed costs and milk prices?

The Milk Income-Over-Feed Cost is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the balance between income generated from milk sales and the expenses incurred from feed costs. This tool allows dairy producers to monitor their financial margins by calculating the difference between the price received for milk and the cost of feed, thereby helping them manage the risks associated with the inherent volatility in both feed prices and milk prices. Producers can adjust their production and feeding strategies based on these calculations, allowing for more informed decision-making and financial planning in response to market fluctuations.

While the Milk Price Support Program and the Margin Protection Program also aim to provide financial stability for dairy producers, they do not directly assess the relationship between milk income and feed costs, which is crucial for day-to-day operational management. The Dairy Production Adjustment Program focuses on production levels to reduce oversupply and stabilize the market, rather than on the income-over-feed cost aspect.