What type of bacteria is primarily monitored in milk quality standards?

Coliform bacteria are primarily monitored in milk quality standards because their presence serves as an indicator of sanitation and hygiene practices during milk production and processing. Coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and feces. They are not typically harmful themselves, but their presence in milk suggests that there may have been unsanitary conditions during milking or handling, which could allow for the presence of more harmful pathogens.

Monitoring for coliform bacteria helps ensure that the milk is safe for consumption and that proper hygiene practices are maintained. High levels of coliform bacteria can lead to regulatory actions and indicate that further testing may be needed to assess milk quality.

In contrast, while lactic acid bacteria are important for fermentation and contribute positively to dairy products like yogurt and cheese, they are not a standard safety concern. Pathogenic bacteria, which can cause illness, are also monitored but are less frequently used as a primary indicator because they can be present in low numbers and are more variable. Thermophilic bacteria are primarily of concern in relation to spoilage rather than safety. Thus, coliform bacteria serve as a vital indicator of milk quality, reflecting both safety and production standards.